Nestled in the front of your neck, the thyroid gland may be small, but its influence is anything but minor. Often referred to as the body’s metabolic engine, this butterfly-shaped organ produces hormones that are vital for regulating energy, growth, and overall health.
Among these hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) stand out as the key players in this intricate hormonal symphony. While they work hand-in-hand to maintain balance within the body, their distinct roles can lead to a wide range of health implications when out of sync.
Understanding T3 and T4 is not just about grasping biology; it’s about recognizing how these hormones shape our daily lives, and how interestingly these small glands can create havoc in our body If they get messed up. From energy levels to mood and even weight management.
The happier our thyroid gland is the better our bodies perform. The thyroid gland is responsible for the various functions in our body that include; metabolism influencing body fat percentage, regulation of blood pressure, immune function, energy levels, proper digestion, cognitive function, detoxification, and hormone health along with being highly beneficial for fertility in both men and women. In other words, when the thyroid isn’t happy, the body isn’t functioning properly.
The main ways the thyroid gland can malfunction are: Hypothyroidism: Refers to reduced functioning of the thyroid gland and low levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4). TSH levels are high since the Pituitary gland senses low T3 and T4 levels and increases TSH release to trigger the thyroid gland to produce and release more T3 and T4.
Symptoms are weight gain due to low BMR, low heart rate, low blood pressure, low breathing rate, constipation, longer sleeping hours, lethargy, fatigue, lower body temperature, intolerance to cold, hair loss, dry skin, brain fog, and mood swings. One of the causes can be Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis where the immune system creates antibodies against thyroid cells.
Hyperthyroidism: Refers to increased functioning of the thyroid gland along with / or high levels of thyroid hormones ( T3 and T4). TSH levels are low since the Pituitary gland senses high T3 and T4 levels and decreases TSH release to reduce the thyroid gland’s production and release of T3 and T4. Too much thyroid hormone causes symptoms like weight loss due to high metabolism, high heart rate, high blood pressure, high breathing rate, diarrhoea, insomnia, brain fog, anxiety, tremor, bulging eyes, heart palpitations, and intolerance to heat the more common cause being Graves’ disease.
Goitre: is a non-cancerous abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by severe iodine sufficiency; due to this the thyroid gland is unable to make the thyroid hormones. In the attempt to increase the thyroid hormone production, TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to increase in size. Autoimmune conditions can lead to hypothyroidism and goitre. Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin is produced by the body that stimulates both increase in the size of the thyroid gland and increased production of thyroid hormones, this leads to goitre and hyperthyroidism. Other causes of goitre may include injury, infection in the thyroid gland, or genetic defects.
Besides the visual enlargement of the gland, other symptoms include voice hoarseness, coughing, wheezing, and difficulty in breathing. Diet and lifestyle also play important roles in supporting thyroid health. Iodine is essential for the production of T3 and T4, as these hormones contain iodine atoms. A deficiency in iodine can lead to thyroid dysfunction.
Foods rich in iodine include fish, dairy products, iodized salt, and seaweed. Selenium is another key nutrient that supports thyroid function, as it is necessary for the conversion of T4 into T3. Brazil nuts, fish, and whole grains are good sources of selenium. Maintaining a balanced diet and managing stress is crucial for keeping the thyroid functioning properly.
In conclusion, T3 and T4 are vital thyroid hormones that regulate the body’s metabolism and energy use. While T3 is the active form that directly influences metabolic processes, T4 serves as a stable source that can be converted into T3 as needed. Imbalances in these hormones can lead to conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, each with its own set of symptoms and treatment options.
By understanding the distinct roles of T3 and T4, we can better appreciate the importance of thyroid health and the impact these hormones have on our overall well-being. Maintaining a balance between these hormones is crucial for preventing thyroid-related disorders.
Struggling with thyroid issues? Karishmma Chawla is here to help! Reach out for personalized nutrition tips and delicious recipes designed to support your T3 and T4 levels!